Research Library · Shelf

Crypto Scams and Fraud: Official UK Guidance

Official UK warnings and guidance on cryptoasset scams, checking a firm, reporting fraud and sanctions, with UK court judgments on recovering stolen cryptoassets. Every entry links to its original source.

AA v Persons Unknown & Ors, Re Bitcoin [2019] EWHC 3556 (Comm)
Find Case Law (The National Archives)
Judgment · High Court (Commercial Court)
2019-12-13
Scams and fraud

Annual Fraud Report 2026
UK Finance
Report
2026-06-15
Scams and fraud

UK Finance's annual breakdown of fraud cases and losses across unauthorised and authorised payment fraud in the UK.

Blocked at the Bank
Alderlux
Investigative · Analysis
2026-10-21
Scams and fraud

Why UK banks restrict payments to crypto platforms, why the scam-refund rules often do not apply to them, and what holders can do if a payment is stopped.

Cryptoassets OFSI Threat Assessment
Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (HM Treasury)
Report
2025-07
Scams and fraud

OFSI assessment of sanctions risks facing UK cryptoasset firms, including exposure to Russian exchanges, North Korean-linked hacking and transfers to Iranian entities.

Cryptocurrency investment fraud - Report Fraud
Report Fraud (City of London Police; successor to Action Fraud)
Guidance
Undated
Scams and fraud

Police guidance on how cryptocurrency investment frauds operate, warning signs, checking the FCA Register and how to report crypto fraud.

Crypto investment scams
FCA
Guidance
2026-02-16
Scams and fraud

The FCA's consumer page on how crypto scams work, how to check a crypto firm is registered on the FS Register, and what to do if scammed.

Director of Public Prosecutions v Zhimin Qian & Anor [2026] EWHC 2509 (KB)
Find Case Law (The National Archives)
Judgment · High Court (King's Bench Division, Administrative Court)
2026-10-12
Scams and fraud

Fabrizio D'Aloia v Persons Unknown Category A & Ors [2024] EWHC 2342 (Ch)
Find Case Law (The National Archives)
Judgment · High Court (Chancery Division)
2024-09-12
Scams and fraud

FCA Warning List of unauthorised firms
FCA
Register
2026-06-30
Scams and fraud

The FCA's searchable list of firms and individuals it knows to be operating without permission in the UK, including crypto firms.

Gary Jones v Persons Unknown [2026] EWCA Civ 1212
Find Case Law (The National Archives)
Judgment · Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
2026-09-28
Scams and fraud

How to spot an investment scam
MoneyHelper (Money and Pensions Service)
Guidance
Undated
Scams and fraud

MoneyHelper guide to the warning signs of investment scams, including a section on crypto scams, and how to check firms and report suspected fraud.

Investment and scam risks with cryptocurrency
MoneyHelper (Money and Pensions Service)
Guidance
2023-10-10
Scams and fraud

MoneyHelper article on the volatility, liquidity, regulatory and scam risks of cryptocurrency, including the lack of FSCS and Financial Ombudsman protection.

ION Science Limited & Anor v Persons Unknown & Ors [2020] EWHC 3688 (Comm)
Find Case Law (The National Archives)
Judgment · High Court (Commercial Court)
2020-12-21
Scams and fraud

Lavinia Deborah Osbourne v Persons Unknown Category A & Ors [2023] EWHC 340 (KB)
Find Case Law (The National Archives)
Judgment · High Court (King's Bench Division)
2023-02-22
Scams and fraud

LMN v Bitflyer Holdings Inc & Ors [2022] EWHC 2954 (Comm)
Find Case Law (The National Archives)
Judgment · High Court (Commercial Court)
2022-11-29
Scams and fraud

Sanctions and cryptoassets: joint statement from UK financial regulatory authorities
Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (HM Treasury)
Guidance
2022-03-11
Scams and fraud

Joint statement explaining that UK financial sanctions apply to cryptoassets and setting out steps to reduce sanctions evasion risk and what to do on suspecting a designated person's cryptoassets are held.

Specific Direction 20: Faster Payments APP scam reimbursement requirement
Payment Systems Regulator
Direction
2023-12-19
Scams and fraud

The Payment Systems Regulator's direction requiring Faster Payments providers to reimburse victims of authorised push payment scams, in force for payments from 7 October 2024.

What a Review Actually Consists Of
Alderlux
Guides · Article
2026-09-09
Scams and fraud

How a flag is generated, what a review consists of, why nobody will tell you what triggered it, and how to structure holdings so one flag can't reach everything.

Your Coins Carry a History
Alderlux
Guides · Article
2026-09-08
Scams and fraud

An exchange reads the history of the coins you deposit, not just the balance. What screening does, why it is widening, and where it leaves the holder.

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